Outcomes of Crohn’s Disease in Anemia Patients: A Population-Based Study

Background: There is limited data specifically for patients with anemia and Chron’s disease (CD). We sought to examine the national inpatient sample database to describe in-hospital outcomes among these individuals. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database for the years 2019 and 2020. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients with CD using international classification of diseases 10th revision codes. We then examined the outcomes in patients who were diagnosed with anemia Vs. those who were not. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: This study included 74,742 patients with CD, of which 30,555 (40.9%) patients had anemia. In-hospital mortality was higher among the anemia cohort (1.9% Vs 1.5%, P< 0.001). On multivariable regression, the anemia cohort was associated with higher odds of undergoing inpatient mortality (OR 2.102, CI 1.978-2.233, P< 0.001). On secondary analysis, it has shown that CD patients with anemia had higher odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (OR 1.593, CI 1.536-1.653, P< 0.001), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (OR 1.945, CI 1.817-2.089, P< 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 2.642, CI 2.545-2.742, P< 0.001), ventricular arrhythmia (OR 2.258, CI 2.087-2.443, P< 0.001), peripheral artery disease (OR 2.142, CI 2.050-2.238, P< 0.001), hypertension (OR 3.910, CI 3.796-4.028, P< 0.001), congestive heart failure exacerbation (OR 2.641,CI 2.512-2.776, P< 0.001), acute kidney failure (OR 2.545, CI 2.491-2.601, P< 0.001), arrhythmia (OR 2.080, CI 2.017-2.144, P< 0.001), pressors administration (OR 2.385, CI 2.187-2.600, P< 0.001), obesity (OR 1.665, CI 1.632-1.699, P< 0.001), acute hepatitis (OR 1.708, CI 1.624-1.798, P< 0.001), acute pancreatitis (OR 1.598, CI 1.532-1.666, P< 0.001), heart block (OR 2.609, CI 2.554-2.666, P< 0.001), sepsis (OR 2.006, CI 1.972-2.040, P< 0.001), Esophagitis (OR 1.791, CI 1.769-1.813, P< 0.001), achalasia of cardia (OR 1.844, CI 1.514-2.248, P< 0.001) and esophageal ulcer (OR 2.559, CI 2.253-2.905, P< 0.001). Conclusions: In this nationally representative population-based retrospective cohort study, anemia was associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes among patients with CD.