Outcomes of Crohn’s Disease in Females: A Population-Based Study

Background: There are limited data specifically for female patient with Chron’s disease (CD). We sought to examine the national inpatient sample database to describe in-hospital outcomes among these individuals. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database for the years 2019 and 2020. The NIS was searched for hospitalizations of adult patients with CD using international classification of diseases 10th revision codes. We then examined the outcomes in patients who were female vs. those who are not. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: This study included 74,742 patients with CD, of which 42,920 (57.4%) patients were female. On multivariable regression, the female cohort was associated with higher odds of undergoing inpatient mortality (OR 2.161, CI 2.031-2.33, P< 0.001). On secondary analysis it has shown that CD patients who were female had higher odds of having percutaneous coronary intervention (OR 1.748, CI 1.619-1.888, P< 0.001), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (OR 2.011, CI 1.871-2.160, P< 0.001), inguinal hernia (OR 1.311, CI 1.228-1.400, P< 0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR 2.154, CI 2.088-2.222, P< 0.001), ventricular arrhythmia (OR 1.743, CI 1.640-1.851, P< 0.001), peripheral artery disease (OR 2.449, CI 2.331-2.572, P< 0.001), hypertension (OR 2.214, CI 2.172-2.257, P< 0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR 2.153, CI 2.110-2.198, P< 0.001), congestive heart failure exacerbation (OR 2.243, CI 2.147-2.343, P< 0.001), acute kidney failure (OR 2.118, CI 2.079-2.157, P< 0.001), shock (OR 2.072, CI 1.945-2.208, P< 0.001), pressors administration (OR 2.073, CI 1.921-2.236, P< 0.001), obesity (OR 2.715, CI 2.629-2.804, P< 0.001), acute hepatitis (OR 1.818, CI 1.721-1.920, P< 0.001), acute pancreatitis (OR 2.150, CI 2.028-2.279, P< 0.001), systemic thrombolysis (OR 2.408, CI 2.028-2.860, P< 0.001), sepsis (OR 2.609, CI 2.554-2.666, P< 0.001), esophagitis (OR 2.613, CI 2.568-2.659, P< 0.001), achalasia of cardia (OR 1.596, CI 1.352-1.885, P< 0.001) and esophageal ulcer (OR 1.686, CI 1.550-1.835, P< 0.001). Conclusions: In this nationally representative population-based retrospective cohort study, female sex was associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes among patients with CD.