Evidence for Longevity-Focused Nutraceuticals Remains Mixed Despite Growing Consumer Demand

Interest in nutraceuticals targeting healthspan and longevity continues to expand, but clinical evidence supporting many commonly promoted compounds remains inconsistent, according to Patricia K. Farris, MD, during her session, “Evidence-Based Nutraceuticals,” presented at Music City SCALE 2026.

Several nutraceuticals are promoted as targeting the biologic hallmarks of aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and impaired autophagy. Consumer use remains widespread, with 74% of individuals reporting supplement use and more than half taking them daily, although clinical validation remains limited.

Dr Farris delved into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors, including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide. NAD+ functions as a key coenzyme in cellular energy production and longevity-associated pathways. While oral supplementation can increase circulating NAD metabolites, clinical outcomes remain inconsistent.

A review of 25 randomized human studies found “few clinically relevant effects” with oral NR supplementation. Dr Farris pointed out “an unfortunate tendency in the literature to exaggerate the importance and robustness of reported effects.” Current evidence suggests possible benefits in inflammatory states and select disease biomarkers, but no controlled trials support intravenous NAD+ therapy.

Creatine monohydrate demonstrated more consistent evidence, particularly for aging-related muscle decline. Studies showed benefits in muscle recovery, exercise tolerance, and some aspects of cognitive performance. Long-term safety data were also reassuring, with no significant adverse effects observed in studies of prolonged use.

Additional compounds discussed included urolithin A, spermidine, and glutathione. Urolithin A showed potential effects on mitochondrial signaling and inflammation, with some trials reporting improved muscle endurance and strength. Spermidine demonstrated epidemiologic associations with reduced mortality when consumed through food sources, although supplementation studies remain inconclusive.

Dr Farris described glutathione as the cell’s “master antioxidant,” involved in oxidative stress regulation, detoxification, and metabolic health; however, many applications remain experimental.

She emphasized that nutraceuticals “should be considered an adjunct, but not a substitute for lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise.” She also noted that many products are supported primarily by preclinical data or biomarker studies rather than robust clinical outcomes.

For more meeting coverage, visit the Music City SCALE newsroom.

Reference
Farris PK. Evidence-based nutraceuticals. Presented at: Music City SCALE Symposium; May 13–17, 2026; Nashville, TN.