Rising MASLD Prevalence in Younger Adults Linked to Increased Mortality Risk

Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing rapidly among adolescents and young adults in the United States and is associated with higher mortality risk, according to a population-based analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data spanning more than two decades. The findings highlight a shift in disease burden toward younger populations.

Investigators analyzed 22,166 individuals aged 12 to 44 years between 1999 and 2023, identifying MASLD and metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-associated liver disease (MetALD) using validated imaging and metabolic criteria. MASLD prevalence rose significantly across all age groups, with the steepest increase observed in adolescents, where prevalence grew from 10.08% to 16.68%. Among young adults, prevalence reached 20.79%, and among early middle-aged adults, 27.78%.

The authors reported that “MASLD prevalence increased significantly across all age groups,” with projections suggesting continued growth through 2040. MetALD prevalence also increased, particularly among young adults, though at lower absolute levels.

Obesity and diabetes were strongly associated with MASLD, with more than half of affected individuals in these subgroups meeting criteria for the disease. Diabetes markedly amplified this risk, increasing mortality more than fourfold.

The authors concluded that “MASLD is associated with increased mortality risk, particularly among young adults with diabetes,” and emphasized the need for earlier intervention.

Reference
Gao X, Le MH,  Linden S, et al. Trends in prevalence and mortality of MASLD AND METALD among US adolescents, young and early middle-aged adults, 1999–2023. Presented at: Digestive Disease Week; May 2–5, 2026; Chicago, Illinois.