CRC Mortality Declines in the US, but Diet and Metabolic Risk Remain Key Drivers

Colorectal cancer (CRC) burden in the United States has declined substantially over the past three decades, but persistent dietary and metabolic risk factors continue to limit further progress, according to an analysis of Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2023.

Investigators evaluated trends in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), alongside attributable risk factors. Over the study period, CRC mortality decreased from 20.81 to 12.64 per 100,000, with reductions observed in both men and women. Incidence followed a similar pattern, declining from 51.04 to 37.61 per 100,000.

Disease burden also improved, with DALYs decreasing from 474.99 to 318.71 per 100,000. Prevalence declined modestly, reflecting broader improvements in detection and treatment.

Despite these gains, modifiable risk factors remain prominent contributors to CRC mortality. In 2023, the leading risks were dietary, including low intake of whole grains and high consumption of red and processed meats. The authors reported that “persistent lifestyle and metabolic risk factors remain significant challenges and barriers to further decline.”

Forecast modeling suggests that future outcomes may depend heavily on risk factor control. Under current trends, CRC mortality is projected to remain relatively stable by 2050. However, improved management of modifiable risks could substantially reduce mortality rates.

The authors noted that targeting diet quality, obesity, and metabolic health “may lead [to] larger reductions in future mortality.”

Reference
Eldesouki M. Trends in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates in the us (1990–2023): declining mortality with persistent dietary and metabolic risk factors. Presented at: Digestive Disease Week; May 2–5, 2026; Chicago, Illinois.